NASA ASRS CALLBACK Issue 371

CALLBACK
***************************************************************
From NASA's Aviation Safety Reporting System

Issue 371

November / December 2010
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What Would You Have Done?

The season of wintertime operations is here, along with another "interactive" issue of CALLBACK. This month we present incidents that required quick decisions on the part of ASRS reporters, usually in snow or icing conditions. How did our reporters do? You be the judge. On the front page you will find "the first half of the story," report excerpts followed by several plausible action choices. On the back page, you will find "the rest of the story," the actions actually taken by reporters to resolve their situations. Each incident will give you a chance to draw on your wintertime operating experience to anticipate what you would have done in the same situation.
______________________________________________________________

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______________________________________________________________

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NASA ASRS CALLBACK Issue 370

CALLBACK
***************************************************************
From NASA's Aviation Safety Reporting System

Issue 370

October 2010
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Managing Resources - CRM, SRM, and MRM

Crew (or Cockpit) Resource Management – CRM – originated in 1979 from a NASA workshop which found that human factors were the primary cause of most aviation accidents. The focus of commercial pilot CRM training since that time has been on making the optimum use of all available resources – equipment, procedures, and people –to minimize human error and promote safe and efficient flight operations.

Crew Resource Management principles have also been applied to single-pilot and maintenance operations, resulting in SRM (Single-Pilot Resource Management) and MRM (Maintenance Resource Management). This month we look at a selection of ASRS reports that describe breakdowns in the cognitive skill areas so important to error-free cockpit and maintenance operations.
______________________________________________________________

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NASA ASRS CALLBACK Issue 369

CALLBACK
***************************************************************
From NASA's Aviation Safety Reporting System

Issue 369

September 2010
______________________________________________________________

Paperless Flying - Electronic Flight Bags (EFBs)

The day of the paperless cockpit has dawned, and with that, ASRS is hearing more about incidents involving Electronic Flight Bags (EFBs), as these electronic display systems are known. EFB displays may be portable (Class 1), attached to a cockpit mounting device (Class 2), or built into the cockpit (Class 3).

There is no doubt EFB devices are powerful and versatile. With display screens often the size of a laptop computer or approach plate, EFBs can display a variety of aviation data, including electronic manuals and documents, performance and planning data, moving maps and GPS, logs and checklists, spreadsheets, real-time weather, TCAS, terrain avoidance, email, and even the internet. But as pilots transition to the use of these electronic marvels, there are challenges to consider. This month we take a look at common problems reported to ASRS by both air carrier and general aviation users of EFB devices:

- EFB screen readability
- EFB database accuracy
- Lack of pilot training or experience in EFB use.
______________________________________________________________

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______________________________________________________________

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ASRS Homepage
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______________________________________________________________

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NASA Aviation Safety Reporting System P.O. Box 189 Moffett Field CA 94035

NASA ASRS CALLBACK Issue 368

CALLBACK
***************************************************************
From NASA's Aviation Safety Reporting System

Issue 368

August 2010
______________________________________________________________

PAVE-ing the Way to Good Decisions

Chapter 17 of the Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge (FAA-H-8083-25) offers pilots a number of resources for assessing the risks of flight and deciding on the best courses of action to mitigate risk. One of these is the PAVE checklist, which can help pilots during preflight planning to become aware of flight risks in four categories:

- Pilot-in-command (PIC) – The pilot must ask, "Am I ready for this trip?" in terms of experience, recency, currency, physical, and emotional condition.
- Aircraft – What limitations will the aircraft impose upon the trip in terms of performance, equipment, payload, ceiling, and fuel capacity?
- enVironment – How will weather, terrain, airports, airspace, and nighttime conditions affect safety of flight?
- External pressures – Why is the flight being made, how critical is it to maintain the schedule, and is the trip worth the risks?

This month we will illustrate the PAVE concept using several recent ASRS incidents involving General Aviation operations.

______________________________________________________________

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______________________________________________________________

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or
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ASRS Homepage
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CALLBACK Issue 367

CALLBACK
*************************************************************
From NASA's Aviation Safety Reporting System

Issue 367

July 2010
______________________________________________________________

A Delicate Balance: "Minimum Fuel" vs. "Emergency Fuel" Declarations

In a number of recent ASRS reports, Part 121 pilots bemoan the fact that they declared "minimum fuel" and were disappointed (irate in some cases) that they weren't afforded priority handling by ATC. It's evident that some pilots in today's cost-conscious airline industry are unaware of the need to declare a fuel emergency if they need to have their arrival expedited. The emergency declaration is a tool they need to have in their flight bags when appropriate.

This month we provide a quick review of "fuel emergency" and "minimum fuel" declarations, as well as incident reports illustrating situations in which pilots declared "minimum fuel" only to discover that subsequent events deteriorated into near, or actual, fuel emergencies.
______________________________________________________________

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______________________________________________________________

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CALLBACK Issue 366

CALLBACK
*************************************************************
From NASA's Aviation Safety Reporting System

Issue 366

June 2010
______________________________________________________________

What Would You Have Done?

It's time for another "interactive" issue of CALLBACK! All of this month's reports involve the same type of incident – a real or apparent equipment problem that occurs in IMC or other adverse weather conditions. On the front page you will find "the first half of the story," report excerpts followed by several plausible action choices. On the back page, you will find "the rest of the story," the actions actually taken by reporters to resolve their situations. Each incident will give you a chance to draw on your aviation decision-making experience to anticipate what you would have done in the same situation.

______________________________________________________________

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______________________________________________________________

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CALLBACK Issue 365

CALLBACK
*****************************************************
From NASA's Aviation Safety Reporting System

Issue 365

May 2010
______________________________________________________________

Readers Weigh in on "Cones of Confusion"

The March 2010 CALLBACK (#363, Pilot and ATC Cones of Confusion) stimulated more reader feedback than any issue we've published in recent years. In this issue we looked at several common IFR approach situations where (according to recent ASRS reports) confusion may exist, including:

- Making a Procedure Turn
- Making a Hold-in-Lieu-of Procedure Turn
- Expecting a Straight-In Approach

This month we'd like to share some of the responses we received to the three IFR scenarios described.

______________________________________________________________

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CALLBACK Issue 364

CALLBACK
*****************************************************
From NASA's Aviation Safety Reporting System

Issue 364

April 2010
______________________________________________________________

Safe Operations at Non-Towered Airports

The key to communicating at an airport without an operating Control Tower is selection of the correct common frequency for airport advisories while operating to or from the airport. CTAF, which stands for Common Traffic Advisory Frequency, is designated for this purpose. Use of the correct CTAF, combined with visual alertness and application of recommended operating practices, will enhance safety of flight during non-Towered operations. This month we focus on ASRS non-Towered airport incidents that emphasize the following themes:

Communication – Monitoring CTAF and use of the radio to report position and intentions.

Traffic Mix – Being aware that straight-in IFR traffic to a non-Towered field may conflict with patterns for VFR traffic, especially in reduced visibility conditions (broken or overcast ceilings, haze, etc.).

Avoidance – Practicing see-and-avoid procedures and visually checking the final approach course before takeoff or landing.

Frequency – Use of the correct CTAF and current charts and flight information.

______________________________________________________________

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______________________________________________________________

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CALLBACK Issue 363

CALLBACK
*****************************************************
From NASA's Aviation Safety Reporting System

Issue 363

March 2010
______________________________________________________________

Pilot and ATC "Cones of Confusion"

"Cone of confusion" is one of those versatile aviation terms that may be applied to conditions other than those intended. In a strict sense, the term refers to a cone-shaped volume of airspace directly above ground-based navigation equipment, such as a VOR or NDB, where there is an area of signal ambiguity that causes bearing information to be unreliable.

And then there's a humorous definition found on many aviation web sites: "Cone of confusion is an area about the size of New Jersey located near the final approach fix at an airport." This definition fits recent reports of pilot and ATC confusion regarding procedure turn and/or holding requirements of IFR approach procedures.

This month we will look at several common IFR approach situations where confusion reigns:
- Making a Procedure Turn
- Making a Hold-in-Lieu-of Procedure Turn
- Expecting a Straight-In Approach

Although we don't offer solutions to the misunderstandings described, we hope that sharing these reports will encourage clearer ATC-pilot communications.
______________________________________________________________

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CALLBACK Issue 362

CALLBACK
*****************************************************
From NASA's Aviation Safety Reporting System

Issue 362

February 2010
______________________________________________________________

Unusual Attitudes

Everyone who obtains a pilot's license receives training in how to recover from unusual attitudes--potential loss-of-control situations in which there is an excessive aircraft bank or pitch angle. But reporters to ASRS sometimes note that "unusual attitude" can convey another meaning that occasionally surfaces in ASRS reports-a state of mind that can lead to safety consequences for others.

This month we offer a cross-section of incident reports that illustrate reporters' concerns for communication, professionalism, and courtesy. These narratives are a reminder that positive attitudes and thoughtful actions can go a long way toward making flying safer for everyone.

______________________________________________________________

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______________________________________________________________

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ASRS Homepage
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NASA Aviation Safety Reporting System | P.O. Box 189 | Moffett Field | CA | 94035

CALLBACK Issue 361

CALLBACK
*****************************************************
From NASA's Aviation Safety Reporting System

Issue 361

January 2010
______________________________________________________________

Enticements of Ice

ASRS incident reports offer useful descriptions of a variety of aircraft ground and airborne icing hazards. Air carrier reporters often focus on ground-related issues such as inadequate deicing procedures, deicing fluid ingestion hazards, and deficient inspections for snow and ice accumulation. GA reporters are apt to describe airborne icing events that involve immediate decision making or controllability issues. Our January 2010 CALLBACK offers a "slice of ice" from the narratives of ASRS reporters.
______________________________________________________________

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______________________________________________________________

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ASRS Reporting Forms
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ASRS Homepage
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